Introduction
Here in this topic, we are going to see the different sources of medieval Indian history, through which we will see how India was diversified in different civilizations. Here we will also see some of the different scholars who had written this diversification in their works. In this we are going to see different works of different scholars like Al Biruni, Minhaj, Amir Khusrau, etc. so, let us understand sources of medieval indian history in brief.
AL- BIRUNI
Al Biruni lived in the golden age of Islam, from 973 to 1048 AD. He was a prominent Persian polymath. He has contributed to various fields like astronomy, mathematics, geography, anthropology, etc. he was born in Uzbekistan.
His famous books were as follows:
1. Kitab al- jamahir fi marifat al- jawahir
In this book, he mentioned comprehensive studies on minerals, gems, and other different properties.
2. Kitab al- qanun al- mas’udi
In this book, he wrote about different cultures, and languages, of different civilizations.
3. Kitab al- hind
It was the book of India in which he wrote about valuable things in Indian society, religion, culture, and science.
MINHAJ
Al- minhaj al- sawai is one of the work of Ibn qayyim al jawziyya. In this, he had written complimentary on Sahih Muslim, which was one of six collections of hadiths. In this notable complementary work, qayyim wrote about the meaning, interpretations, and implications of hadith which was founded in the Sahih Muslim. This provides valuable insight into Islamic jurisprudence, theology, and spirituality.
Here he wrote an in-depth analysis of the clarity of expression of Sunni orthodox traditions. It was a very significant reference for students through which they got to know about the nuances of Islamic law and traditions.
AMIR KHUSRAU
Amir Khusrau whose full name was Amir Khusrau dehlavi, was a renowned Sufi poet, mystic, and musician. He lived in the Indian subcontinent during the 13th and 14th centuries. He was born in Patiala, present-day Uttar Pradesh in 1253CE, and he was considered a versatile poet in Persian literature. He had done a wide span of work which includes ghazals, qawwalis, masnavis, etc, and also done poetry which was appreciated for its lyrics, imagery, and spirituality. He was also a teacher of Persian language. He was a devotee of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, and he often composed his poetry on the theme of his devotion, love, and spirituality.
ZIAUDDIN BARANI
Ziauddin live in the Delhi Sultanate during the 14th century. He was a prominent medieval scholar, historian, and political thinker. He was born in present-day Uttar Pradesh in 1285CE. He played an important role in the intellectual and political landscape of his time.
One of his famous works was named Tarikh-i-firoz Shahi in which he wrote about the history of Firoz Shah, in which he discussed valuable things related to the political and social dynamics of the Delhi sultanate. His work was characterized by critical analysis, and the vivid narrative style of Delhi sultanate.
BABURNAMA
The Babur Nama is one of the sources of the Mughal dynasty, in which the life of Babur has been described in detail with the early history of the Mughal dynasty. Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur was the founder of the Mughal dynasty, in his memories the Baburnama was written. Baburnama was written in Babur’s native language which was Chagatai Turkish, during the 16th century. This source provides us with detailed knowledge related to Babur’s life, which includes his military campaign, his struggle to establish the empire, his upbringing in central Asia, and his observations related to their culture, society, governance, etc.
ABUL FAZL
Abul Fazal Full is Abu’l-fazal ibn Mubarak who was a prominent Persian historian, statesman, and advisor of Mughal emperor Akbar. He also made important contributions to Persian literature, and historiography, and also played a significant role in the administration of the Mughal emperor.
One of his most notable works is Akbarnama, which we have earlier discussed. Another one is Ain-i-akbari in which he wrote detailed records of the Mughal administrative, and economic structures under Akbar. It also contained various aspects of Mughal governance which included revenue, military, social customs, cultural practices, etc.
BADAUNI
Badauni was a prominent scholar, historian, and writer. He lived in the Mughal Empire in the 16th century. He was born in Badaun in India in 1540 and he lived during the reign of Akbar and his successor.
He wrote a notable book named Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh which gave detailed knowledge of the Mughal empire up to the reign of Akbar. He worked on various topics related to the Mughal empire including political things, military, administrative campaigns, etc.
CONCLUSION
We can conclude here that how the sources of medieval indian history help us to understand various aspects of history in different civilizations. Here we have also seen how scholars and historians have worked on notable work that helped every student and archeologist to study different aspects of society and the administration of different rulers.
REFERENCES
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